How to Analyze a Stock: A Step-by-Step Framework
A step-by-step framework to analyze a stock: business quality, earnings, cash flow, balance sheet, and valuation, with the metrics to check at each step.
Stock analysis
How to read a business through its numbers: metrics, filings, red flags and valuation.
Stock-Based Compensation: The Cost Hiding in Plain Sight
Stock-based compensation is a real expense that inflates free cash flow and dilutes shareholders. Here is how to measure what it really costs you.
The 12-Metric Checklist Before Buying Any Stock
A 12-metric checklist with indicative thresholds and where to find each number in the filings, so you can screen any stock in under an hour.
EV/EBITDA vs P/E: When Each Valuation Metric Works
EV/EBITDA and P/E answer different questions. Here is when each valuation metric works, when it misleads, and how to use the two together.
Free Cash Flow Yield: The Metric Serious Investors Watch
Free cash flow yield measures the cash a business generates against its market price. Here is how to calculate it and what counts as cheap.
How to Read a 10-K in 30 Minutes
A 30-minute reading plan for any 10-K: which sections to read first, what to skip, and the numbers to check before you buy a stock.
Revenue Growth vs Earnings Growth: Which One to Trust
Revenue growth and earnings growth can tell different stories. Here is which number is harder to fake and how to read the gap between them.
Red Flags in Financial Statements: 9 Warning Signs
Nine warning signs that show up in financial statements before a stock collapses, with the exact lines to check and worked examples for each.
ROIC vs ROE: Which One Measures Quality?
ROIC and ROE both measure returns, but debt can inflate ROE. Here is how each ratio works, where they diverge, and which one better captures business quality.
What Is an Economic Moat? How to Spot One in the Numbers
An economic moat is a durable competitive advantage. Here is how to spot one in gross margins, ROIC, and pricing power instead of brand stories.
What Is Free Cash Flow? A Plain-English Guide
Free cash flow is the cash a business keeps after paying its bills and investments. Here is how to calculate it and why it matters.